Python公开课 - 异常处理
前言
在代码开发的过程中,经常或碰到一些错误异常情况,对于Python来说,自有一套规范的处理体系
try...except...finally...
现在高级语言都会使用try catch机制来捕获处理程序运行时候的各种异常,下面举一个除零异常的例子:
try:
print('try...')
r = 15 / 0
print('result:', r)
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print('except:', e)
finally:
print('finally...')
print('END')
输出:
try...
except: division by zero
finally...
END
示例说明:
- try - 程序正常逻辑的代码
- except - 捕获异常后处理的代码
- finally - 不过如何都要执行的代码
当然如果我们不知道具体是啥异常的时候,可以使用一个通用异常类Exception
来表示
try:
print('try...')
r = 15 / 0
print('result:', r)
except Exception as e:
print('except:', e)
finally:
print('finally...')
print('END')
输出:
try...
('except:', ZeroDivisionError('integer division or modulo by zero',))
finally...
END
错误堆栈
在实际运行的过程中,如果直接将异常输出,往往只能获取到错误信息,而无法看到由哪块代码产生的错误,也就是需要查看错误堆栈,有几种方式可以实现
通过logging模块
import logging
def calc(s):
return s/0
def main():
try:
a = calc(5)
except Exception as e:
logging.exception(e)
main()
print('END')
输出:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test5.py", line 8, in main
a = calc(5)
File "test5.py", line 4, in calc
return s/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
END
通过trackback模块
import traceback
def calc(s):
return s/0
def main():
try:
a = calc(5)
except Exception as e:
traceback.print_exc()
main()
print('END')
输出:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test6.py", line 8, in main
a = calc(5)
File "test6.py", line 4, in calc
return s/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
END
自定义异常并抛出
class ShortInputException(Exception):
def __init__(self, length, atleast):
self.length = length
self.atleast = atleast
try:
s = input('please input:')
if len(s) < 3:
raise ShortInputException(len(s), 3)
except ShortInputException as e:
print('输入长度是%s,长度至少是%s' %(e.length, e.atleast))
else:
print('nothing...')
如果输入字符长度小于3,那么将会抛出 ShortInputException 异常,在Python中是通过raise
关键字来进行异常抛出
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